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Mars vs. Venus - Comparison of sizes
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Mars vs Venus - Comparison

Mars
Venus
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Mars

Mars

Diameter (km)6792
Distance to sun (km)227940000
Equator (km)21297
Temperature–133

<p>Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. </p>In English, Mars conveys the title of the god of war and is often known as the'Red Planet'. The latter describes the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars' surface, which gives it a reddish look distinctive one of the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. Since the period in addition to the tilt of the axis relative to the ecliptic plane are similar the days and seasons are similar to those of Earth. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and highest known mountain and of Valles Marineris, among the largest canyons in the Solar System. The Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact attribute. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are irregularly shaped and small. These can be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.Mars was explored by unmanned spacecraft. Mariner 4, launched by NASA on November 28, 1964, was the first spacecraft to go to Mars, making its closest approach to the planet on July 15, 1965. Mariner 4 noticed that the weak Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1percent that of Earth and captured the first images of another planet from deep space. On July 20, 1976, Viking 1 performed the first successful landing. A soft landing was attained by the Soviet Mars 3 spacecraft in December 1971 but contact was lost with its lander seconds after touchdown. On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft landed on Mars and on July 5 released its rover, Sojourner to operate on Mars.



Pathfinder was followed by the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which landed on Mars in January 2004 and functioned until March 22, 2010 and June 10, 2018, respectively. The Mars Express orbiter, the first European Space Agency spacecraft to visit Mars, arrived on December 25, 2003 in orbit. On September 24, 2014, the Indian Space Research Organization became the fourth largest space agency to see Mars, when its maiden interplanetary mission, the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft, arrived in orbit.There are investigations assessing the past habitability of Mars, in addition to the possibility of extant life. Missions are planned, including Rosalind Franklin rovers and the Perseverance. Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low pressure, which is less than 1% of the atmospheric pressure on Earth, except at the lowest elevations for periods that are short. The two polar ice caps seem to be made of water. The quantity of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be enough to pay the planetary surface to a depth of 11 meters (36 ft). In November 2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia area. The quantity of water detected was estimated to be equal to the quantity of water in Lake Superior.Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches −2.94, which is surpassed only by Venus, the Moon and the Sun. Optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 km (190 mi) across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth's atmosphere.

Source: Wikipedia
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Venus

Venus

Diameter (km)12104
Distance to sun (km)108200000
Equator (km)38025
Temperature437/497

Venus is the second planet from sunlight. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. As the thing in the night sky after the Moon, Venus may be, on occasion, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight and can cast shadows. Venus lies within Earth's orbit, and never appears to venture either setting in the west just after dusk or rising in the east a bit before sunrise. Venus orbits the Sun every 224.7 Earth days. Having a rotation period of 243 Earth days, it takes longer to rotate about its axis than any other planet in the Solar System and does so in the opposite direction to all but Uranus (meaning that the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east). Venus does not have any moons, a distinction it shares only with Mercury among planets in the Solar System.Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth's"sister planet" because of their similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun, and bulk composition. It is different from Earth in different respects. It's the atmosphere of the four planets, consisting of over 96% carbon dioxide. The atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface is 92 times that of Earth, or roughly the pressure found 900 m (3,000 feet ) underwater on Earth. Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, with a mean surface temperature of 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F), even though Mercury is closer to the Sun. Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of reflective clouds of sulfuric acid, preventing its surface from being seen from space in light.



It might have had water oceans before, as the temperature rose because of a runaway greenhouse effect but these could have vaporized. The water has photodissociated, and the hydrogen that is free has been swept into space by the solar wind due to the lack of a planetary magnetic field. Venus's surface is a sterile desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and is periodically resurfaced by volcanism. Venus has been a significant fixture in human civilization for as long as records have existed. It has been made sacred to gods of many cultures, and has been a inspiration for writers and poets as the morning star and evening star. Venus was the first planet to have its motions plotted across the sky, as early as the second millennium BC.As the planet with the nearest approach to Earth, Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration. It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft (Mariner 2 in 1962), and also the first to be successfully landed on (by Venera 7 in 1970). The thick clouds of venus render observation of its surface impossible in visible light, and the detailed maps did not emerge before the Magellan orbiter's coming in 1991. Plans have been proposed for more complex missions or rovers, but the hostile surface conditions of Venus hinder them. In January 2020, astronomers reported evidence that suggests that Venus is volcanically active.

Source: Wikipedia

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