1257 Mount Samalas | |
|---|---|
| Total costs | N/A |
| Deaths | 20000 |
In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at the Samalas volcano on the Indonesian island of Lombok. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the current Holocene epoch. It created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. The eruption was witnessed by people who recorded it on the Babad Lombok, a document written on palm leaves. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, causing a volcanic winter and cooling the atmosphere for several years. This led to famines and crop failures in Europe and elsewhere, although the exact scale of the temperature anomalies and their consequences is still debated. The eruption may have helped trigger the Little Ice Age, a centuries-long cold period during the last thousand years. Before the site of the eruption was known, an examination of ice cores around the world had found a large spike in sulfate deposition around 1257, providing strong evidence of a large volcanic eruption having occurred somewhere in the world. In 2013, scientists linked the historical records about Mount Samalas to these spikes.
Source: Wikipedia 1907 Chinese famine | |
|---|---|
| Total costs | N/A |
| Deaths | 25000000 |
The Chinese famine of 1907 was a crisis in northern China. The famine was triggered by heavy rains over the 1906 growing season.Bill Kte'pi estimated that 10 percent of the population of northern Jiangsu and parts of central China may have died, and put the death toll as possibly being as high as 25 million people, which would make it is the second-worst famine in recorded history. The Argus, a contemporary Australian newspaper, likewise reported on 22 February 1907 that '[t]en millions of Chinese were suffering' and that half would die without food aid.On 26 June 1907, The Argus reported that the crisis was at an end.
Source: Wikipedia1920 Haiyuan earthquake (Chinese: 海原大地震; pinyin: Hǎiyuán dà dìzhèn) occurred on December 16 in...
The devastating eruption of Oshima–Ōshima began on the 18th of August, 1741 and ended on May 1...
The 1944 San Juan earthquake took place in the province of San Juan, in the center-west area of...
Welcome to 