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Syria

Land Area 183630km²
Land Area + Seaarea
Population 17951639
Population density 97.8 / km²

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Syria (Arabic: سوريا, romanized: Sūriyā), formally the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية, romanized: al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon to the southwest, the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. A country of high mountains fertile plains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syrian Turkemens, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Mandeans and Greeks. Religious groups include Sunnis, Christians Druze, Isma'ilis, Mandeans, Shiites, Salafis, Yazidis, and Jews. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Sunnis the biggest group. Syria is and is a republic consisting of 14 governorates. It is a member of one international organization aside from the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it was suspended by the Arab League in November 2011 and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self-suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean.The title"Syria" historically referred to a broader region, broadly synonymous with the Levant, also known in Arabic as al-Sham. The state encompasses the websites of several kingdoms and empires, including the 3rd millennium BC's culture. The capital city Damascus and aleppo are among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the Islamic era, Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt. The Syrian state was established after centuries of Ottoman and a brief period mandate in the mid-20th century, and represented the country to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Syrian provinces. It gained de jure independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945, when the Republic of Syria became a founding member of the United Nations, an act that officially stopped the former French Mandate, although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946. With the nation shaking from 1949 to 1971, the post-independence period was tumultuous. In 1958, Syria entered the United Arab Republic, which was terminated by the 1961 coup d'état that was Syrian was known as by a brief union with Egypt. The republic was renamed after the December 1 constitutional referendum of the year in late 1961 as the Arab Republic of Syria, and was shaky before the 1963 Ba'athist coup d'état, since which the Ba'ath Party has maintained its power. Syria under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011 suspended protections for taxpayers. Bashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded. During his rule, Syria and the ruling Ba'ath Party have been condemned and criticized for various human rights abuses, including frequent executions of citizens and political prisoners, and massive censorship.Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in an armed conflict, with a number of countries in the region and outside involved militarily or otherwise. A range of political entities have emerged including Rojava the Syrian opposition, Tahrir al-Sham and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Syria was ranked last from 2016 to 2018 on the Global Peace Index, making it the nation in the world on account of the war. The conflict has killed more than 570,000 people, caused 7.6 million internally displaced people (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) and more than 5 million refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR), making population assessment difficult in recent years.

Source: Wikipedia