Mexico | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 1943945km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 112322757 |
| Population density | 57.8 / km² |
Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] (listen); Nahuatl languages: Mēxihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, EUM [esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos] (listen)), is a country in the southern portion of North America. Covering 1,972,550 square kilometers (761,610 sq mi), it is the 13th-largest country in the world. With approximately 128,649,565 inhabitants, Mexico is the 10th-most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking nation worldwide. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states, including Mexico City (CDMX), which is the capital city and its largest metropolis. Other major urban areas include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and León.Mexico is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.The Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization; it was home to many advanced Mesoamerican tribes, most notably the Mayans and the Aztecs. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico City, which then became known as New Spain. The Catholic Church played an important role as millions of indigenous inhabitants converted. These populations were heavily exploited to mine rich deposits of precious material, which became a major source of wealth for the Spanish. Mexico became an independent nation state after the successful Mexican War of Independence against Spain in 1821.The ineffective War of Texas Independence in 1836 and the Mexican–American War led to huge territorial losses in Mexico's sparsely populated north, contiguous to the United States. The newly instituted reforms that granted protection to indigenous communities, and curtailed the power the military and the church, were enshrined in the Constitution of 1857. This triggered the War of the Reform and French intervention. Maximilian Habsburg was installed as emperor by France and Benito Juárez kept an opposing republican government in exile. The following decades were marked by instability and dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, who sought to modernize Mexico and restore order. The Porfiriato ended with the Mexican Revolution in 1910 and the winning Constitutionalist faction drafted a new 1917 Constitution. The revolutionary generals of the winning northern faction dominated the 1920s and served as presidents, but the 1928 assassination of Alvaro Obregón led to the formation of the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1929, under which Mexico was a one-party state until 2000.Mexico is a developing country, ranking 76th on the Human Development Index, but is considered a newly industrialized state by several analysts. It has the world's 15th-largest economy by nominal GDP and the 11th-largest by PPP, with the United States being its largest economic partner. The large economy, area, population and politics make Mexico a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging power. However, Mexico continues to struggle with social inequalities, poverty and extensive crime; the country ranks poorly on the Global Peace Index. Since 2006, the conflict between the government and drug trafficking syndicates lead to over 120,000 deaths.Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and 7th in the world for the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse, ranking 5th in the world for its natural biodiversity. Mexico receives a significant number of tourists every year; in 2018, it was the 6th most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.
Source: WikipediaBhutan | |
|---|---|
| Land Area | 38394km² |
| Land Area + Seaarea | |
| Population | 672425 |
| Population density | 17.5 / km² |
Bhutan ( (listen); Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ, romanized: Druk Yul, [ʈuk̚˩.yː˩]), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ, romanized: Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked nation in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, It's bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north, the Chumbi Valley of Tibet, China and the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal in the west, and the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh in the south and east. Bhutan is the second-least-populous country after the Maldives of the region and is geopolitically in South Asia. While Phuntsholing is its financial centre thimphu is largest city and its capital. The independence of bhutan has endured for centuries. It's never been colonized in its history. Situated on the ancient Silk Road between the Indian subcontinent, Tibet and Southeast Asia, the Bhutanese state developed a different national identity based on Buddhism. Headed by a leader known as the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, the land comprised many fiefdoms and has been governed as a Buddhist theocracy. After a civil war in the 19th century, the country was reunited by the House of Wangchuck and established relations. During the rise of Chinese communism, Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership Following the end of the British Raj . From the early 1990s, the authorities deported much of the Nepali-speaking Lhotsampa minority of the country, sparking a refugee crisis in Nepal. In 2008, Bhutan transitioned from an absolute monarchy and held the first election to the National Assembly of Bhutan. The National Assembly is part of the bicameral parliament of the Bhutanese democracy.The country's landscape ranges from lush subtropical plains in the south to the sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, where there are peaks higher than 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). Gangkhar Puensum may be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world and is Bhutan's highest peak. Bhutan's wildlife is notable for its diversity. Bhutan ranks first in liberty, ease of doing business and calmness and is the least corrupt nation in the area as of 2016. It has been a country, but expects to graduate from this standing by 2023. Hydroelectricity accounts for most of its exports. The government is a parliamentary democracy; the head of state is the King of Bhutan, known as the"Dragon King." Bhutan maintains relations with 52 countries and the European Union, but doesn't have formal ties with the United Nations Security Council's five permanent members. It is a member of the United Nations, SAARC, BIMSTEC and the Non-Aligned Movement. A close relationship is maintained by the Royal Bhutan Army . Bhutan is also notable for pioneering the concept of gross national happiness.
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