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Chad


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Chad

Land Area 1259200km²
Land Area + Seaarea
Population 10329208
Population density 8.2 / km²

Informations

Chad ( (listen); Arabic: تشاد‎ Tishād, Arabic pronunciation: [ti.ʃaːd]; French: Tchad, pronounced [tʃa(d)]), formally called the Republic of Chad (Arabic: جمهورية تشاد‎ Jumhūrīyat Tishād; French: République du Tchad), is a landlocked country in north-central Africa. It's bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the south-west, Nigeria to the southwest (in Lake Chad), and Niger to the west. Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt at the centre and a fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, and the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city. Chad's official languages are French and Arabic. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Islam (51.8%) and Christianity (44.1percent ) are the main religions practiced in Chad.Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in good numbers. From the end of the 1st millennium AD, a collection of states and empires had risen and fallen in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the area. France conquered the land by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the direction of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels defeated the capital and put an end to the South's hegemony. But, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. Chadian--Libyan conflict erupted in 1978 from the Libyan invasion that ceased in 1987 with a French military intervention (Operation Épervier). Hissène Habré was overthrown in turn in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. With French support, a modernization of the Chadian armed forces was initiated in 1991. Since 2003 the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the boundary and destabilised the nation. Poor already, the nation and people struggled to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees that live in and around camps in eastern Chad. As many political parties are busy, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état. Chad is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; many inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil is now the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry. Chad has a poor human rights record, with frequent abuses such as arbitrary imprisonment, extrajudicial killings, and limits on civil liberties by both security forces and armed militias.

Source: Wikipedia