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Watford ( (listen)) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, 17.5 miles northwest of Charing Cross.
It is situated on the River Colne, and initially developed as a small market town until the Grand Junction Canal encouraged the construction of paper-making mills, print works, and breweries. While industry has declined in Watford, its location near to London and to good transport links has attracted several companies to site their headquarters in the town. It contains Cassiobury Park, a public park that was once the manor estate of the Earls of Essex, and Watford Football Club, a professional team who in the 2020/21 season play in the Championship after being relegated following the 2019/20 season from the Premier League – the highest level of English football.
The town developed on the River Colne on land belonging to St Albans Abbey until the 16th century. During the 12th century a charter was granted allowing a market, and the building of St Mary's Church began. The town grew partly due to travellers going to Berkhamsted Castle and the royal palace at Kings Langley. A mansion was built at Cassiobury in the 16th century. This was partly rebuilt in the 17th century and another country house was built at The Grove.
The Grand Junction Canal in 1798 and the London and Birmingham Railway in 1837 resulted in Watford's rapid growth, with paper-making mills such as John Dickinson at Croxley, influencing the development of printing in the town.
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Ulmer is a German surname meaning "from Ulm". Notable people with the surname include:
Christian Ulmer (born 1984), German ski jumper
Edgar G. Ulmer (1904–1972), Austrian-American film director
Fran Ulmer (born 1947), first woman elected as Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
Georg Ulmer (1877-1963), German entomologist
Gregory Ulmer (born 1944), professor of English and of Electronic Languages and Cybermedia
James Ulmer (born 1942), American jazz and blues guitarist and singer
James Ulmer (journalist), entertainment journalist
Jason Ulmer (born 1978), Canadian ice hockey player
Jeff Ulmer (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player
Jeffery Ulmer (born 1966), American sociologist
Kristen Ulmer (born 1966), American extreme skier
Layne Ulmer (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player
LaMonte Ulmer (born 1986), American basketball player
Sarah Ulmer (born 1976), New Zealand cyclist and 2004 Olympic champion
Thomas Ulmer (born 1956), German politician and Member of the European Parliament for Baden-Württemberg
Walter F.