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Rotterdam (, UK also ; Dutch: [ˌrɔtərˈdɑm] (listen)) is the 2nd largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas channel leading into the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 13th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country.
A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2020, it had a population of 651,446 and is home to over 180 nationalities.
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Malmö (; Swedish: [ˈmâlmøː] (listen); Danish: Malmø [ˈmælmˌøˀ]) is the largest city in the Swedish county (län) of Scania. It is the third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the sixth-largest city in Scandinavia, with a population of 316,588 (municipal total 338,230 in 2018). The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to over 700,000 people, and the Öresund region, which includes Malmö, is home to 4 million people.Malmö was one of the earliest and most industrialized towns in Scandinavia, but it struggled to adapt to post-industrialism.