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Kigali (Kinyarwanda: [ci.ɡɑ́.ɾi]) is the capital and largest city of Rwanda. It's near the country's geographical centre in a region of rolling hills, with a succession of valleys and ridges joined by steep slopes. The town has been Rwanda's economic, cultural, and transportation hub because it became the capital following independence from Belgian rule in 1962.
In a place controlled by the Kingdom of Rwanda from the 17th century and then by the German Empire, the city was founded in 1908 when Richard Kandt, the colonial resident, chose the site for his headquarters, citing its central location, views and safety. Foreign merchants started to trade in the city during the German era, and Kandt opened some government-run schools for Tutsi Rwandan students. Belgium took control of Rwanda and Burundi during World War I, forming the mandate of Ruanda-Urundi. Kigali remained the seat of colonial administration for Rwanda but Ruanda-Urundi's capital was at Usumbura (currently Bujumbura) in Burundi and Kigali remained a small city with a population of just 6,000 at the time of independence.
Kigali grew slowly during the next decades. It wasn't initially directly affected by the Rwandan Civil War between government forces and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which started in 1990.
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Ulmer is a German surname meaning "from Ulm". Notable people with the surname include:
Christian Ulmer (born 1984), German ski jumper
Edgar G. Ulmer (1904–1972), Austrian-American film director
Fran Ulmer (born 1947), first woman elected as Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
Georg Ulmer (1877-1963), German entomologist
Gregory Ulmer (born 1944), professor of English and of Electronic Languages and Cybermedia
James Ulmer (born 1942), American jazz and blues guitarist and singer
James Ulmer (journalist), entertainment journalist
Jason Ulmer (born 1978), Canadian ice hockey player
Jeff Ulmer (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player
Jeffery Ulmer (born 1966), American sociologist
Kristen Ulmer (born 1966), American extreme skier
Layne Ulmer (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player
LaMonte Ulmer (born 1986), American basketball player
Sarah Ulmer (born 1976), New Zealand cyclist and 2004 Olympic champion
Thomas Ulmer (born 1956), German politician and Member of the European Parliament for Baden-Württemberg
Walter F.
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