Ashgabat | |
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State | |
Country | Turkmenistan |
Capital | |
Population | 909000 |
Ashgabat (Turkmen: Aşgabat; Ашгабат, pronounced [ɑʃʁɑˈbɑt], Persian: عشق آباد; Russian: Ашхабад), formerly named Poltoratsk (Russian: Полтора́цк, IPA: [pəltɐˈratsk]) between 1919 and 1927, is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It is situated between the Karakum Desert and the Kopet Dag mountain range in Central Asia. It is also near the Iran-Turkmenistan border.
The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924.
Newcastle upon Tyne | |
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State | |
Country | |
Capital | |
Population | 289835 |
Newcastle upon Tyne (, locally (listen)), often shortened to simply Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear. On the northern bank of the River Tyne, it is 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea. Newcastle is the most-populous city in North East England and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. It is a member of the UK Core Cities Group, as well as the Eurocities network of European cities. It was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county of itself, a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. Newcastle is a part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie.
The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son Robert Curthose.
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