Notre Dame | |
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Height | 96m |
Floors | 0 |
Year | 1250 |
City | Paris |
Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [n?t?? dam d? pa?i] (listen); meaning'Our Lady of Paris'), known simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral was consecrated to the Virgin Mary and considered to be among the best examples of French Gothic architecture. Its pioneering use of the rib vault and flying buttress, its enormous and vibrant rose windows, in addition to the naturalism and prosperity of its sculptural decoration set it apart from the previous Romanesque style. Major components which make Notre Dame stand out include its large historic organ and its immense church bells.The cathedral's construction began in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was mostly complete by 1260, although it was modified frequently in the next centuries. In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the French Revolution; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the cathedral was the site of the coronation of Napoleon I and the funerals of several Presidents of the French Republic.
Popular interest in the cathedral blossomed soon after the publication, in 1831, of Victor Hugo's book Notre-Dame de Paris (better known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). This led to a major restoration project between 1844 and 1864, supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. The Allied liberation of Paris in 1944 was celebrated within Notre-Dame with the singing of the Magnificat. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral's façade was cleaned of centuries of soot and dirt. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of Paris and the French state. As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame comprises the cathedra of the Archbishop of Paris (Michel Aupetit). In 1805, Notre-Dame was given the honorary status of a minor basilica.
Naberezhnaya Tower | |
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Height | 285m |
Floors | 0 |
Year | 0 |
City | Moscow |
Naberezhnaya Tower (Russian: ????? ?? H?????????, tr. Bashnya na Naberezhnoy, literally means Tower on the Embankment) is an office complex composed of two skyscrapers and a high-rise situated on plot 10 in the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) in Moscow, Russia with a total area of 254,000 m2 (2,730,000 sq feet ). The buildings are named after the first three letters of the alphabet and by the bottom height to the tallest: the 17-story tall Tower A, the 27-story tall Tower B, along with the 59-story tall Tower C. Construction of the complex started in 2003, with Tower A being completed in 2004, Tower B in 2005, and Tower C at 2007. Tower C is the tallest building from the complex, with a height of 268.4 metres (881 feet ) and 59 stories. It is formerly the tallest building in Russia and Europe, surpassing the Triumph Palace, also in Moscow, in August 2007. Tower C was surpassed by its neighboring skyscraper Moscow Tower of the City of Capitals complex as the tallest building in July 2008.
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