Hagia Sophia | |
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Height | 55m |
Floors | 0 |
Year | 0 |
City | Istanbul |
Hagia Sophia (; from Koin? Greek: ???? ?????, romanized: Hagía Sophía; Latin: Sancta Sophia, lit.
'Holy Wisdom'), formally the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Turkish: Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i ?erifi) and previously the Church of Hagia Sophia, is a Late Antique place of worship in Istanbul. Constructed in 537 since the patriarchal cathedral of the imperial capital of Constantinople, it was the largest Christian church of the eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire) and the Eastern Orthodox Church, except during the Latin Empire from 1204 to 1261, as it became the city's Roman Catholic cathedral. In 1453, after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, it was converted into a mosque. In 1935 the secular Turkish Republic established it as a museum. In 2020, it re-opened as a mosque. Constructed by the eastern Roman emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of Constantinople for the state church of the Roman Empire between 532 and 537, the church was then the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have'changed the history of architecture'. The building was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. The present Justinianic construction was the third church of the same name to occupy the site, the prior one was destroyed in the Nika riots. Being the episcopal see of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, it remained the world's largest cathedral for almost a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. Beginning with subsequent Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia became the paradigmatic Orthodox church form and its architectural style was emulated by Ottoman mosques a thousand years later. It has been described as'holding a unique position in the Christian world', and architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization.The church has been dedicated to the Holy Wisdom, the Logos, the second person of the Trinity. Its patronal feast falls on 25 December (Christmas), the commemoration of the incarnation of the Logos in Christ. Sophia is the Latin transliteration of the Greek word for wisdom and, although sometimes referred to as Sancta Sophia,'Saint Sophia', it's not connected with Sophia that the Martyr. The centre of the Eastern Orthodox Church for almost one thousand years, the construction witnessed the excommunication of Patriarch Michael I Cerularius officially delivered by Humbert of Silva Candida, the papal envoy of Pope Leo IX in 1054, an act that's usually considered the beginning of the East--West Schism.Shanghai World Financial Center | |
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Height | 492m |
Floors | 101 |
Year | 2008 |
City | Shanghai |
The Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC; Chinese: ????????) is a supertall skyscraper located in the Pudong district of Shanghai. It was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by the Mori Building Company, with Leslie E. Robertson Associates as its structural engineer and China State Construction Engineering Corp and Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co. as its primary contractor. It is a mixed-use skyscraper, comprising offices, hotels, conference rooms, observation decks, and ground-floor shopping malls. Park Hyatt Shanghai is the tower's hotel element, comprising 174 rooms and suites occupying the 79th to the 93rd floors, which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. It is currently the third-highest hotel on earth after the Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre.On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was topped out and is 492 meters (1,614.2 feet ), which makes it the 12th tallest building in the world and the fourth tallest structure in Mainland China. The SWFC opened to the general public on 28 August 2008, with its observation deck opening on 30 August. The observation deck offers views from 474 m (1,555 feet ) above ground level.The SWFC was lauded for its design, and in 2008 it was named by architects as the year's best-completed skyscraper. In 2013, the SWFC was exceeded in height by the adjoining Shanghai Tower, which will be China's tallest structure as of 2017. Collectively, The Shanghai World Financial Center, The Shanghai Tower and The Jin Mao Tower form the world's first adjoining grouping of three supertall skyscrapers.
Source: Wikipedia