Notre Dame | |
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Height | 96m |
Floors | 0 |
Year | 1250 |
City | Paris |
Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [n?t?? dam d? pa?i] (listen); meaning'Our Lady of Paris'), known simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral was consecrated to the Virgin Mary and considered to be among the best examples of French Gothic architecture. Its pioneering use of the rib vault and flying buttress, its enormous and vibrant rose windows, in addition to the naturalism and prosperity of its sculptural decoration set it apart from the previous Romanesque style. Major components which make Notre Dame stand out include its large historic organ and its immense church bells.The cathedral's construction began in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was mostly complete by 1260, although it was modified frequently in the next centuries. In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the French Revolution; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the cathedral was the site of the coronation of Napoleon I and the funerals of several Presidents of the French Republic.
Popular interest in the cathedral blossomed soon after the publication, in 1831, of Victor Hugo's book Notre-Dame de Paris (better known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). This led to a major restoration project between 1844 and 1864, supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. The Allied liberation of Paris in 1944 was celebrated within Notre-Dame with the singing of the Magnificat. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral's façade was cleaned of centuries of soot and dirt. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of Paris and the French state. As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame comprises the cathedra of the Archbishop of Paris (Michel Aupetit). In 1805, Notre-Dame was given the honorary status of a minor basilica.
Inco Superstack | |
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Height | 380m |
Floors | 0 |
Year | 1972 |
City | Sudbury |
The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of 381 metres (1,250 ft), is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the 2nd tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It's also the second tallest freestanding structure of any kind in Canada, behind the CN Tower but forward of First Canadian Place. It's the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is situated on top of the biggest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale's Copper Cliff processing centre in the city of Greater Sudbury. In 2018, Vale declared that the stack will be decommissioned and dismantled beginning in 2020. On July 28, 2020, Vale declared that the stack had been officially taken out of service, but would remain operational in standby mode for two more months as a backup in case of a malfunction in the new system, after which the dismantling of this Superstack will begin. In addition to further reducing sulfur dioxide emissions by 85 percent, the decommissioning of the pile is expected to cut the complex's natural gas consumption in half.
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